Titre :
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L'évolution des pratiques d'exploitation forestières pourrait bénéficier " à la biodiversité " : réflexions scientifiques autour du guide de reconstitution de l'ONF, suite à la tempête
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Titre original:
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The evolution of harvesting practices could benefit to the biodiversity: about the Guide for forest reconstruction, edited by the ONF after the Lothar's windstorm
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Auteurs :
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F. Gosselin ;
C. Bouget ;
CEMAGREF NOGENT SUR VERNISSON EFNO
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Type de document :
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article/chapitre/communication
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Année de publication :
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2003
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Format :
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p. 61-73
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Langues:
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= Français
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Mots-clés:
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TEMPETE
;
CHABLIS
;
EXPLOITATION FORESTIERE
;
BIODIVERSITE
;
FAUNE
;
FLORE
;
INSECTE
;
TRAITEMENT DES REMANENTS
;
MICROHABITAT
;
COUPE PROGRESSIVE
;
FORET
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Résumé :
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L'adaptation de la gestion forestière à la conservation de la biodiversité se traduit notamment par l'évolution des pratiques d'exploitation. Le Guide de reconstitution des forêts de l'ONF (2001) a défini des orientations et conseils d'exploitation des chablis de la tempête de 1999. Nous expliquons pourquoi nous pensons que deux des propositions de ce guide - le maintien de sur-réserves et de houppiers non démembrés - pourraient atténuer les effets délétères des coupes de grande taille sur la biodiversité - et notamment sur les espèces forestières. Nous discutons enfin de l'application éventuelle de ces pratiques dans les exploitations futures.
Report card is a tool commonly used in many branches of industry, but its basic principle is often misunderstood. Its application in the case of concerted management for migratory fishes resources requires to be reviewed.Analysis of existing report card highlight that report card is a decision-support tool arranged in a set of indicators informing the pilot of a system about the state of this system and enabling him to act in order to achieve its objectives. Using the example of a report card dedicated to the Allis shad population of the Gironde Garonne Dordogne watershed, we present how such a tool can be set up and which are the external elements required (the pilot, the system, the management targets, the knowledge database). Then we precisely detailed the pahse of building and selection of the relevant indicators. The choice of the indicators is a keystone of the report card. and identified the essential. This step was organized by generating potential indicators, determining the selection criteria, then selecting the relevant indicators. These indicators are noted, classified, presented and interpreted in a table which allow to easily identify the problems on the various levels of aggregation, and to assess the gap between the result of the report card and the targets of the pilot. A conservation based forest management implies the evolution of timber harvesting practices. The ONF Guide for forest reconstruction (2001) defines the harvesting scheme in windstorm areas disturbed in 1999. We explain why we think two of these guidelines, namely, the retention in cutting areas of large old trees and of unharvested tree crowns, could counteract the negative effects of large cuts on biodiversity - peculiarly on forest species. We finally discuss the potential applications of these guidelines in ordinary forest harvesting.
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Source :
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Ingénieries : eau - agriculture - territoires, n° 35
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