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Résumé :
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The calculation of turbulent flow phenomena, a task of great practical importance in hydraulics and many other areas, requires model approximations about the transport of momentum, heat and mass by the turbulent motion. This book provides an introduction to the subject of turbulence modelling in a form easy to understand for anybody with a basic background in fluid mechanics, and it summarizes the present state of the art. Individual models are described and examined for their merits and demerits which range from the simple Prandtl mixing length theory to complex second-order closure schemes. Although the review deals specifically with certain modelling aspects peculiar to hydraulic flows, it is also general enough to provide an introduction to the subject and a survey on existing models for workers in other areas of fluid mechanics. Indeed it should serve as a valuable source of reference for anybody concerned with the mathematical simulation of turbulent transport processes. In order to demonstrate the performance of present-day models in predicting hydraulic flow problems, a summary is included on model applications to such problems, notably to a variety of channel fows with and without dead-water zones and to the near-field of discharges into water bodies. Throughout, the discussion on model performance is based on direct comparison between calculations and experiments.
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